Survey of Vibration Damping and Isolation Techniques for Piping Support Systems
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Abstract
Controlling vibration on piping support systems is a decisive consideration in enforcing security, dependability, as well as durability of industrial, commercial and residential piping networks. There are various dynamic loads experienced by piping systems due to the flow of fluids, mechanical equipment, thermal expansion, seismic phenomenon and other environmental disturbances. Uncontrolled vibrations may result in unnecessary noise, permanent damages, fatigue failures, leakages and higher maintenance expenses, so vibration reduction is crucial in any design. In this survey, the author includes a detailed review of the vibration damping and isolation methods used in piping support systems, passive, active, and semi-active, and special purpose isolation devices. Passive designs like material-based damping, viscoelastic dampers, tuned mass dampers and friction devices use vibrational energy to convert into heat or dissipation via mechanical means, whereas active designs use sensors, actuators and smart materials to suppress vibrational energy in real time. Semi-active methods, such as magnetorheological and electrorheological dampers, provide adaptive damping and need little power. Vibration isolation devices including elastomeric and spring-based isolators, flexible supports, and base isolation systems are used to reduce the transfer of dynamic loads. Industrial applications in power plants, nuclear plants, oil and gas pipelines, chemical industries, and the HVAC are discussed in the paper as well and provide practical ways of improving structural integrity, operational reliability and safety.
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